Enable healthcare providers to see, at a glance, the sentiment trend of patient feedback as it is submitted and to act on emerging issues within minutes rather than waiting for nightly batch reports. The feature introduces a streaming analytics pipeline, a dynamic dashboard, and an alerting engine powered by a hybrid rule‑based + transformer‑based sentiment model.
Feature Specification & Design Document Version 1.0 – April 2026 1. Executive Summary Feature name: Advanced Real‑Time Sentiment Analytics (ARSA) Feature ID: PFES‑011 Product: Patient Feedback Evaluation System (PFES) – a web‑based platform that collects, stores, and analyses patient‑generated feedback from multiple channels (in‑clinic kiosks, web portals, mobile apps, email, SMS, and social‑media integrations). PFES-011
| KPI | Current (baseline) | Target (6 months) | Impact | |-----|--------------------|-------------------|--------| | Time‑to‑awareness of negative spikes | 8 h (batch) | ≤ 5 min (real‑time) | Faster mitigation, reduced adverse events | | Percentage of complaints escalated within SLA | 62 % | 90 % | Higher compliance, better reputation | | Staff satisfaction with feedback loop | 3.2/5 | 4.5/5 | Improved morale, reduced “feedback fatigue” | | Net Promoter Score (NPS) lift | –2 | +5 | Direct revenue impact | | In‑Scope | Out‑of‑Scope | |----------|--------------| | • Real‑time ingestion of feedback from all existing PFES channels. • Streaming sentiment scoring (English + 5 additional languages). • Live dashboard with trend graphs, heat‑maps and drill‑down tables. • Configurable alert rules (threshold, time‑window, channel, location). • Integration with existing incident‑management system (e.g., ServiceNow). • Auditing & logging for GDPR/PHI compliance. | • Building a new feedback collection UI (existing PFES UI remains unchanged). • Deep‑learning model training pipeline (use pre‑trained model + fine‑tune offline). • Voice‑to‑text transcription (will be covered in PFES‑012). • Predictive “next‑issue” forecasting (future roadmap). | 3. Stakeholders | Role | Responsibility | |------|-----------------| | Product Owner (PO) | Prioritises PFES‑011 backlog, defines acceptance criteria. | | Clinical Operations Manager | Sets alert thresholds, validates sentiment relevance. | | Compliance Officer | Ensures PHI handling, audit trails, data‑retention policies. | | Data Science Team | Provides sentiment models, monitors drift, updates thresholds. | | Platform Engineering | Implements streaming pipeline, scaling, monitoring. | | UX/UI Designer | Designs dashboard, config UI, ensures accessibility. | | QA/Test Lead | Crafts functional, performance, security test suites. | | Support Desk | Receives alerts, escalates incidents, logs actions. | 4. Personas & User Stories 4.1 Personas | Persona | Goals | Pain Points | |---------|-------|-------------| | Dr. Maya Patel – Outpatient Clinic Director | Quickly spot declining satisfaction in her clinic, assign follow‑up tasks before a problem escalates. | Currently learns about a spike only after daily batch reports; must chase multiple data sources. | | Jordan Lee – Patient Experience Analyst | Drill down into sentiment by location, service line, and time‑of‑day to produce actionable insights. | Sentiment analysis is static; no ability to filter in real time. | | Samira Khan – Support Coordinator | Receive instant alerts on critical negative feedback, acknowledge and route to the right owner. | Misses urgent complaints that arrive after business hours; manual triage is slow. | | Evelyn O’Connor – Compliance Auditor | Verify that all patient‑feedback data is processed in a GDPR‑compliant manner, with immutable logs. | Lack of transparent processing logs for real‑time pipeline. | 4.2 User Stories | # | As a… | I want … | So that … | |---|-------|----------|-----------| | PFES‑011‑US‑001 | Clinical Operations Manager | to configure a “Critical Negative Sentiment” rule that triggers when > 70 % of feedback in a 10‑minute window scores ≤ ‑0.6 | I can be warned immediately when patients are collectively dissatisfied. | | PFES‑011‑US‑002 | Patient Experience Analyst | a live sentiment heat‑map by clinic floor & service line | I can visualise where problems are emerging without exporting data. | | PFES‑011‑US‑003 | Support Coordinator | to receive a Slack/Email push notification with the raw feedback text and a link to the incident ticket | I can acknowledge the issue within the SLA and assign it to the right team. | | PFES‑011‑US‑004 | Compliance Officer | an immutable audit log that records every sentiment scoring event (timestamp, model version, raw text hash) | I can demonstrate compliance during audits. | | PFES‑011‑US‑005 | Data Scientist | a model‑performance dashboard that flags concept drift (e.g., drop in F1‑score) | I can schedule model retraining before accuracy degrades. | | PFES‑011‑US‑006 | UI Designer | a responsive dashboard that follows WCAG 2.2 AA, with keyboard‑only navigation and screen‑reader labels | All staff, including those with disabilities, can use the tool. | | PFES‑011‑US‑007 | Platform Engineer | to autoscale the streaming workers based on Kafka lag and CPU utilisation | The system stays performant during surge events (e.g., post‑vaccination drive). | | PFES‑011‑US‑008 | Product Owner | to toggle the feature on/off per region for a phased rollout | We can test in a pilot site before global enablement. | 5. Functional Requirements | FR ID | Description | Priority | |-------|-------------|----------| | FR‑1 | Real‑time ingestion : All feedback events from existing sources (Kiosk, Web, Mobile, Email, SMS, Social) must be published to a Kafka topic within ≤ 2 seconds of receipt. | Must | | FR‑2 | Streaming sentiment scoring : Each event must be enriched with a sentiment score (range –1.0 to +1.0) using the hybrid model (rule‑based + transformer). Latency per event ≤ 150 ms. | Must | | FR‑3 | Language detection & routing : Auto‑detect language (English, Spanish, Mandarin, Arabic, French, German) and apply the appropriate language‑specific model. | Should | | FR‑4 | Dashboard UI : Provide a single‑page web dashboard with: • Global sentiment line chart (rolling 24 h). • Heat‑map by clinic location & service line. • Table of “Top 10” most negative feedback items (with raw text). • Configurable time window selector (5 min, 15 min, 1 h, 24 h). | Must | | FR‑5 | Alert engine : Allow users to define threshold‑based alerts (percentage negative, absolute count, rate of change). Alerts must be sent via: • Email • Slack webhook • ServiceNow incident creation. | Must | | FR‑6 | Config UI : A “Rules & Settings” page where users can: • Add/edit/delete alerts. • Choose model version per language. • Set retention period for raw feedback (default 30 days). | Should | | FR‑7 | Audit logging : Every scoring event must be recorded in an append‑only immutable log (e.g., AWS QLDB or Azure Confidential Ledger) with fields: event‑id, timestamp, model‑version, language, sentiment‑score, raw‑text hash, user‑id (if applicable). | Must | | FR‑8 | Data retention & purge : Raw feedback text must be automatically deleted after the configured retention period, while aggregated sentiment statistics remain. | Must | | FR‑9 | Model versioning : The system must expose an API endpoint to query the active model version for each language and support hot‑swap without downtime. | Should | | FR‑10 | Metrics exposure : Export Prometheus metrics for: • Ingestion lag (Kafka offset lag). • Scoring latency (p95). • Alert firing count. | Must | | FR‑11 | Fail‑over handling : If the sentiment service is unavailable, events must be persisted to a dead‑letter queue and re‑processed once the service recovers. | Must | | FR‑12 | Accessibility : All UI components must meet WCAG 2.2 AA standards (color contrast, keyboard navigation, ARIA labels). | Must | | FR‑13 | Internationalisation : UI strings must be externalised; initial localisation for English, Spanish, French. | Should | | FR‑14 | Performance : Dashboard page load ≤ 3 seconds on a 3G connection, ≤ 1 second on broadband. | Should | | FR‑15 | Security : All traffic must be TLS 1.3, JWT‑based authentication with role‑based access control (RBAC). PHI must never be logged in plaintext. | Must | 6. Non‑Functional Requirements | NFR ID | Category | Requirement | |--------|----------|--------------| | NFR‑1 | Scalability | System must handle ≥ 10 k feedback events per minute with linear scaling; support burst up to 50 k/min . | | NFR‑2 | Reliability | 99.9 % uptime for the streaming pipeline; Mean Time To Recovery (MTTR) ≤ 5 min. | | NFR‑3 | Security & Privacy | Data at rest encrypted (AES‑256). No raw PHI stored longer than retention window. All audit logs tamper‑evident. | | NFR‑4 | Observability | Centralised logging (ELK/Opensearch), distributed tracing (OpenTelemetry), metrics (Prometheus + Grafana). | | NFR‑5 | Maintainability | Codebase adheres to Clean Architecture; unit test coverage ≥ 85 % for core components. | | NFR‑6 | Compliance | GDPR, HIPAA, and local health‑information regulations. Must support Data Subject Access Requests (DSAR) for sentiment‑derived data. | | NFR‑7 | Portability | Deployable on both AWS (EKS) and Azure (AKS) using Helm charts; all cloud‑specific resources abstracted via Terraform. | | NFR‑8 | Disaster Recovery | Daily snapshots of QLDB ledger stored in a different region; RTO ≤ 30 min. | | NFR‑9 | Usability | New users should be able to create an alert in < 5 minutes after a brief onboarding tutorial. | | NFR‑10 | Internationalisation | Support Unicode UTF‑8 throughout pipeline; no hard‑coded locale strings. | 7. Architecture Overview +------------------+ +---------------------+ +-------------------+ | Feedback | (1) | Ingestion Service | (2) | Kafka Cluster | | Sources | ----> | (REST / Webhooks) | ----> | (topic: pfes.raw)| +------------------+ +---------------------+ +-------------------+ | | (3) Stream Processing v +-----------------------------+ | Flink / Spark Structured | | Streaming (sentiment job) | +-----------------------------+ | +--------------------------+---------------------------+ | | | (4a) | (4b) | (4c) | +----------------+ +------------------------+ +-------------------+ | Sentiment | | Enrichment & | | Dead‑Letter Queue | | Service (ML) | | Language Detection | | (Kafka retry) | +----------------+ +------------------------+ +-------------------+ | | v v +----------------+ +-------------------+ | Scored Events | | Metrics & Logs | | (topic: pfes.scored) | (Prometheus, ELK)| +----------------+ +------------------- Enable healthcare providers to see, at a glance,
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